呂底亞語翻譯Extensive listening performance is listening to develop a top-down, global understanding of spoken language. Extensive listening performance ranges from listening to lengthy lectures to listening to a conversation and deriving a comprehensive message or purpose.擴大的 由上致下 全球化理解白話說話 從冗雜的演說、對話理解訊息或大旨
Teachers should creatively use technology but not rely on it alone.
Constructivism is a set of assumptions about the nature of human learning that guide constructivist learning theories and teaching methods. Constructivism values developmentally appropriate翻譯社 teaching-supported learning that is initiated and directed by the students. The theory behind a constructivist approach is that the child’s learning is done in a hands-on approach. The children learn by doing, and not by being told what will happen. They are left to make their own inferences翻譯社 discoveries and conclusions. It also emphasizes that learning is not an “all or nothing” process but that student learn the new information that is presented to them by building upon knowledge that they already possess.
In many ways adults are superior to children as learners, they have greater cognitive maturity, better learning strategies and study habits, better focus and goal orientation, a longer attention span, the ability to make a greater variety of associations翻譯社 and better short-term memory. Thus, in teaching adults English, more time can be used for grammatical instruction and practice, accompanied with a few sensory input and activities.
Discrete-point testing involves testing one thing at a time, item by item (e.g. a multiple-choice grammar test on the present perfect)
Intensive listening performance is listening for perception of the components(phoneme, words, intonation, discourse, markers) of a larger stretch of language.
人類進修 以先生輔助最先 指點學生 學生從著手作中進修 本身去介入 發現 獲得謎底 進修進程並不是生成具有 也不是從零開始 而是從已有的取得中 建造新的常識
Merits: 1. Learner autonomy- responsibilities of their own learning
6. 其他技能 (教學法 approach)
多元智能 Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence
Inductive grammar is an approach to grammar teaching in which learners are not taught grammatical or other types of rules directly翻譯社 but are left to discover or induce rules from their experience of using the language.
低焦炙狀況與輕鬆的體式格局進修 強調小我價值成長 高集中力與注意力在說話進修上 在社群中相互接濟 先生的腳色是諮詢者 在需要的時辰賜與輔助
Computer-aid language learning: CALL
電腦輔助說話教授教養
Constructivism建構式
(推論 間接)
(演譯 直接)
The eight intelligences are not fixed in one of each catalogue. The intelligence are found out and distinguished. Everyone have all of these eight kinds of intelligences. People can use these intelligences in different situations. Every intelligence can be developed. Most of the people have much abilities of one or two intelligences. Multiple intelligence education is used to develop much more possibilities of human.
主要理論與教學法
成人與小孩
Children are relatively more field-dependant, so teachers should use direct methods and try to provide a rich and stimulating environment with a lots objects to play with. Along with audio visual aids, all kinds of sensory input are important. Game-like language learning activities are an excellent, even essential翻譯社 part of a program of children’s leaning activities. Children is general learn well when they are active and when action is channeled into enjoyable game翻譯社 they are often willing to invest considerable time and effort in playing it. Children’s attention span is short翻譯社 about half an hour翻譯社 so the grammatical instruction should last and be accompanied with more longer activities to catch their attention.
不連氣兒考試 測驗一樣工具 一個項目接著一個項目
1. Communicative pedagogy溝通式教育法
2. Multiple Intelligence多元智能
3. Whole language teaching 全英語教授教養
2. The computer offers a forum where learners can lose their self-consciousness. Many learners are shy of making mistakes. In the private environments, the learner can work at their own pace. The learner can spend more time on those topics that are causing difficulty.
3. access to information: A CALL program has the potential to provide more information.
2. 接濟字彙的成長與認知 白話的互動 和教誨社會立場與行為價值
4. 真實教材較刺激富厚 視覺美化 供應學生高度進修的念頭
5. 幫忙學生透過故事書快速取得內文 仿照與重複單字和描述表達
6. 供給學生已經學習過的natural context
Humanistic Approach: 人本教育 with low anxiety and relax state, with high concentration and attention on language learning, interaction in the community, help each other, teacher’s role as a counselor, only give support when necessary
其他影響進修身分
10. 影響進修的身分:
1. showcase portfolios – student select pieces which they believe represent their best work
2. collection portfolios(working portfolio) – all the drafts & the final product
3. assessment portfolios: according to certain criteria give by the instructor
1. Linguistic Intelligence
2. logical-mathematical intelligence
3. spatial intelligence
4. musical intelligence
5. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
6. interpersonal intelligence
7. intrapersonal intelligence
8. naturalist intelligence
7. 聽力
The Nativist Approach: assumes that despite the fact that children’s early utterances are clearly not adult-like and lack many components of grammatical speech翻譯社 children are operating with an abstract knowledge of grammatical categories. (Hyams翻譯社 1986)
Storybook in EFL classroom
Language experience approach supports children’s concept development and vocabulary growth while offering many opportunities for meaningful reading and writing activities. Another benefit of the language experience approach is the development of shared experiences that extend children’s knowledge of the world around them while building a sense of classroom community. Students are involved in planning翻譯社 experiencing, responding to, and recording the experience and later翻譯社 in participating in “remember when we?” conversations.
9. 講授評量
The Nine-Year Integrated Curriculum Guidelines
1. 動機提高進修速度
2. 學習者人格特質(shy/ embarrassing of incorrect speaking)
3. 對於內容的樂趣 interest in a particular text
4. The higher the interest level the better comprehension will be. 愛好越高可以幫忙理解
11. 發音
portfolio assessment: three categories
其他: spiritual `existential` moral intelligence
八種智能是迦納歸納出來的 並非固定的項目 每一個人都同樣擁有這些智能 在分歧的情況下使用 而且都可以被發展 大都人具有一至兩項較優勢的智能 多元智能教育大旨是在於成長人類更多的可能性
13. 網路資本
增強集中 強調聲音`單字`腔調`特徵
Merits: 1. 比教科書有用率 對於年紀小的進修者可扶助連系單字與記憶力
首要限制: not suitable for adult (who has the maturity of concept)
天然進修法 強調孩童初期說話缺少成人的文法能力 她們正在使用抽象的文法概念
http://www.cavesbooks.com.tw/CET/htm/m0420100.htm
One’s identity consists of more than just his or her accent. Taking one’s accent away won’t mean taking his or her identity away, just like having a certain accent does not necessarily make one inferior or superior merely because that specific accent sounds inferior of superior.
聲調其實不影響成分 分歧聲調不代表優勝性或較下等
Deductive grammar teaching, contrasted with inducted grammar teaching, is an approach to grammar teaching in which learners are taught grammatical rules and given specific information about a language.
說話經驗進修法 幫忙學生認知成長與自會增添 供給成心義的浏覽寫作流動 分享經驗 擴大學生對於週遭世界的常識 建立一個教室整體的氛圍 學生計畫 體驗 回應 記載經驗
8. 文法
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